Medilog

Leptospirosis – Weil’s Disease Leptospirosis is an infectious disease (septicemia) caused by the bacteria spirochete Leptospira. Leptospirosis primarily affects animals and occasionally infects humans. This bacterial disease spread through the urine of infected animals. Pathogenic spirochete of the genus leptospira that have two species-   1. Leptospira interrogans and 2. Leptospira Biflexa Leptospirosis infectious causative organisms carried by many domestic animals and wild animals, most commonly rodents and lives in their kidneys. Humans get leptospirosis, infected through direct contact with urine from animals or through water, food or soil contaminated with their urine. Without treatment, leptospirosis

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Bacillus Anthracis (Anthrax) Anthrax isinfectious disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. The word “anthrax” is derived from the Greek word for “coal” or “black” because of the characteristic coal-black sore. It causes dark, coal-like structure on affected areas. Anthrax mainly affects animals. People get infected through contact with an infected animal or by inhaling spores of bacterium. It can cause severe disease in both humans and animals. Koch uses Bacillus anthracis as the model to develop his famous Koch Postulates. Epidemiological Triad Agent – The causative agent of Anthrax by gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria Bacillus anthracis.

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Plague (Black Death) Plague is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium, bacillus Yersinia pestis, usually found in small mammals and their fleas that affect humans and other mammals. Plague disease is spread between animals via their fleas and it can transmit from animals to humans. Humans usually become infected with plague after  bitten by a rodent flea that is carrying the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis or by handling an infected animal with plague. Plague is also known as “Black death”. Epidemiological Triad Agent –  The causative agent of Plaque disease

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Brucellosis – Mediterranean Fever Brucellosis is a infectious bacterial disease caused by various Brucella species. Animals are the most commonly infected include sheep, cattle, goats, swine, pigs, and dogs and infection transmitted from animals to people. Humans become infected with brucellosis disease through direct contact with infected animals, or by ingesting and drinking contaminated animal products or by breathe airborne agents with the bacteria. People mostly get infection by consuming unpasteurized dairy products. Epidemiological Triad Agent – Brucellosis is caused by Brucella melitensis, Brucella abortus, Brucella suis, Brucella canis, in the family Brucellaceae. Host –

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Hydatid Disease – Echinococcosis or Hydatidosis Hydatid disease is also known as hydatidosis or echinococcosis. It occurs due to Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus Multilocularis. Hydatid disease is parasitic disease caused by cysts containing the larval stages of the Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm (Dog Tapeworm). Echinococcosis is a caused by infection with tapeworms of the genus Echinocococcus. Echinococcosis is classified as two main types of the disease are cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis. The two major species of Echinococcus are-  Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis. Echinococcus granulosus which

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Taeniasis – Cysticercosis Taeniasis is a parasitic infection in humans caused by the tapeworm  (cestodes) species; Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm), Taenia solium (pork tapeworm). Humans become infected with tapeworms by ingesting  raw or undercooked of beef (Taenia saginata) or pork (Taenia solium). Taeniasis is an intestinal parasitic infection caused by eating contaminated beef or pork. 1. Taenia Saginata  – Beef tapewarm ;Cow 2. Taenia Solium –  Pork tapeworm ; Pig 3. Taenia Asiatica – Pork tapeworm ; Pig The source of reservoir for tapeworm Taenia Saginata  is cow and

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What is Pneumonia? Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the lungs’ air sacs (alveoli) in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill up with fluid or pus (purulent material), causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing The causative agent of pneumonia including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Epidemiological Triad Agent- The  causative agent of Pneumonia is Bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Host – Most serious for infants and young children, people older than age 65 years, and people with health problems or weakened immune systems. Environment – Indoor air pollution,Overcrowding, Second-hand smoking/passive

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Q Fever – Query fever Q fever, also known as query fever, is  rickettsial disease caused by the bacteria Coxiella burnetii. Q-fever is an acute febrile bacterial infection caused by Coxiella burnetti, it naturally infects some animals, particularly sheep, goats, and cattle.  Bacteria Coxiella burnetti  are shed in the animal birth products; placenta, amniotic fluid or  urine, feces, and milk of infected animals. Epidemiological Triad Agent  – The causative agent ofQ-fever is caused by Coxiella burnetti. Host – More risk occupation including- slaughterhouse, animal husbandry and animal research, laboratory  workers. C. Burnetti bacteria is excreted

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Tick Typhus – Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Tick typhus is also known as Rocky Mountain spotted fever or spotted fever or tick fever. Tick typhus an acute febrile disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii transmitted by hard-shelled (ixodid) ticks. This disease initially recognized in the Rocky Mountain States. Epidemiological Triad Agent- The causative agent of Tick typhus is bacteria Rickettsia rickettsii. Host – Affect all age groups, high risk at whom traveling Environment – Rainfall Mode of Transmission Bite of an infected tick, this disease most commonly reported rickettsial infection acquired during travel. 

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Murine Typhus – Flea borne Flea-borne (murine) typhus, is a disease caused by a bacteria Rickettsia typhi.   Murine typhus, also known as flea-borne or typhus endemic typhus.  Flea-borne typhus transmitted by infected fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis), usually on rats. Epidemic typhus called louse-borne typhus, which is usually transmitted by infected lice. Flea-borne typhus is transmitted to people through contact with infected fleas. Fleas get become infected when they bite infected animals, such as rats, cats, or opossums. Epidemiology Triad Agent – Murine typhus is a rickettsial disease. The the causative agent of murine typhus is rickettisiae typhi.

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