Medilog

Trachoma Trachoma is infection of eye caused by bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. This infection is causes roughening of inner surface of eyelids. It may cause vision loss and blindness. Etiology 1. Contact with discharge from the eyes  2. Nose of an infected person 3. Direct contact with Hands, clothing, towels and insects  Clinical Manifestations 1. Itching and Irritation of eyes and eyelids 2. Watering 3. Mucopurulent discharge from eyes 4. Blurred vision 5. Eye pain 6. Photophobia 7. Swelling eyelids  Pathogenesis  Bacterial infection of the eyes

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Yaws Yaws infection caused by Treponema pallidum pertenue that affects skin, bone, cartilage and joints. Yaws is chronic bacterial skin infection that characterized as a lump or papilloma, usually occurs in limbs (arms or legs). Yaws is not a sexually transmitted disease. Etiology 1. Skin-to-skin contact with infective lesion of people  Clinical Manifestation 1. Sore on the skin 2. Multiple cauliflower eruption 3. Swelling and bone pain 4. Disfigure bones and skin Lab Diagnosis 1. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)  2. Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA)

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 Types of Gangrane  1. Dry gangrene Dry gangrane occurs in those area where the blood flow to body becomesblocked. Dry gangrane occurs most commonly occur in those people who have diabetes or blood vessel disease, such as atherosclerosis. 2. Wet gangrane Wet gangrane is caused due to  injury and bacterial infection. Gas gangrane is type of wet gangrane. Gas gangrane  Gas gangrane infection develops deep inside the body and the bacteria releasing the gas that that area has no blood supply. Bacteria logged in an

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Types of HIV Diagnostic Tests There are three types of HIV tests available- 1. Nucleic acid tests (NAT)2. Antigen/antibody tests – If you have HIV, an antigen called p24 is produced even before antibodies develop.3. Antibody tests – ELISA (EIA) and Western Blot Know the modes of transmission of HIV/AIDS and incubation period, sign and symptoms of HIV/AIDS. HIV tests are typically performed on blood or oral fluid.  1.  Nucleic acid tests (NAT) Collect sample – blood from a vein NAT lab test is blood tests used to detect the genetic material of viruses and bacteria blood.

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Human immunodeficiency virus/ Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome The full form of HIV is Human immunodeficiency virus and full form of AIDS  is Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Human immunodeficiency virus attacks the immune system cell (CD4 helper cell or T cell) and destroys. If HIV infection is not treated, it can lead to Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome  (AIDS). In Humans HIV infection came from a type of chimpanzee in Central Africa. Currently there is no effective cure of HIV means once individual get HIV infection, it for have lifetime. People with HIV infection only

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Salmonella – Salmonellosis  Human Salmonellosis infection is distributed world-wide problem. Salmonellosis infection caused by a bacteria called Salmonella. Salmonella infection or salmonellosis is a common bacterial infection that affects the intestinal tract of man and animals. Salmonella bacteria typically live in animal and human intestines and bacteria are shed through feces. Humans become infected most frequently through ingesting contaminated water or food. People with salmonella infection symptoms develop diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps within 6 to 72 hours. Epidemiological Triad Agent– the causative agent of salmonella bacteria is called salmonella. The

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