Medilog

 Decidua Decidua is modified or specialized mucosal lining of endometrium during pregnancy. Layers of Decidua 3 layers of decidua present; 1. Compact outer layer (stratum compactum) Stratum compactum contain contain compact mass of decidual cells, gland ducts, dilated capillaries. 2. Intermediate spongy layer (stratum spongiosum) Stratum spongiosum contains dilated uterine glands, decidual cells and blood vessels. 3. Thin basal layer (stratum basalis) Stratum basalis is regeneration of mucus coat. After the interstitial implantation of blastocyst into compact layer of decidua differentiated; 1. Decidua basalis or

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 Decidua Decidua is modified or specialized mucosal lining of endometrium during pregnancy. Layers of Decidua 3 layers of decidua present; 1. Compact outer layer (stratum compactum) Stratum compactum contain contain compact mass of decidual cells, gland ducts, dilated capillaries. 2. Intermediate spongy layer (stratum spongiosum) Stratum spongiosum contains dilated uterine glands, decidual cells and blood vessels. 3. Thin basal layer (stratum basalis) Stratum basalis is regeneration of mucus coat. After the interstitial implantation of blastocyst into compact layer of decidua differentiated; 1. Decidua basalis or

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Human Embryonic development After zygote formation, mitotic devision of zygote producing two blastomere. 16 cell stage called morula (solid mass of blastomere). Morula Two cell stage (called morula) reached approximately 30 hours after fertilization. Each blastomere; equal cytoplasmic and chromosome number. Morula after spending about 3 days in uterine tube enters uterine cavity through narrow uterine ostium on 4th day in the 16-64 cell stage. Central cell of morula known inner cell mass (form embryo). Peripheral cell called outer cell mass (form protective and nutritive

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 Fertilization Process Following ovulation, egg is capable of fertilization for only 12 to 24 hours. Sperm (acrosome) in between corona radiata cells, acrosome cap attach with zona pellucida, acrosomal cap release hyaluronidase. Acrosome reacted sperm penetrating the zona pellucida. Acrosome reacted sperm in perivitelline space. Incorporated sperm with vesiculating head into oolema. Soon after sperm infusion, penetration of other sperm is prevented by zona pellucida reaction (hardening) or oolema block due to release of cortical granules by exocytosis from oocyte. Formation of male and female

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 Fertilization Fertilization is process of fusion of spermatozoon with mature ovum. Final product (output) formed single celled zygote (mononucleated), contain diploid cell. Objectives of Fertilization 1. To initiate embryonic development of egg. 2. Diploid organism by fusion of haploid male and female gametes. 3. Initiate embryogenesis (formation and development of embryo). Fertilization occurs in ampullary part of uterine tube. Immediately following ovulation, ovum picked up by tubal fimbriae. Ovum picked up ciliary action/ muscular contraction. Ovum transported to ampullary part. Fertilization life span of Oocyte;

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 Sperm Cell Normally one sperm fuse with egg plasma membrane and inject it’s nucleus into egg cytoplasm. Hundreds of sperm attracted to corona radiata to begin to break barrier of granulosa cells and approach to zona pellucida. Contact with zona pellucida trigger acrosome reaction, causing sperm to secrete digestive (Hydrolytic enzymes) that breakdown the glycoprotein membrane of zona pellucida and help to expose oocytes plasma membrane. Hyaluronidase; helps penetrate outer membrane of ovum corona radiata and zona pellucida. A single sperm succeed penetration through corona

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 Process of Ovulation Ovulation is process in which mature egg released from ovary. Repture of mature graafian follicle, secondary oocyte released from ovary. Onle one secondary oocyte repture in each ovarian cycle which starts at puberty and ends in menopause. Fertile Window After released egg move down fallopian tube (ampulla) and stay for 12-24 hrs, where it can be fertilized. Life span of released egg; 12-24hrs Chance of getting pregnant is highest when live sperm are present in fallopian tube during ovulation. Life span of

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 Ovulation Ovulation is process in which mature egg released from ovary. Repture of mature graafian follicle, secondary oocyte released from ovary. Onle one secondary oocyte repture in each ovarian cycle which starts at puberty and ends in menopause. Fertile Window After released egg move down fallopian tube (ampulla) and stay for 12-24 hrs, where it can be fertilized. Life span of released egg; 12-24hrs Chance of getting pregnant is highest when live sperm are present in fallopian tube during ovulation. Life span of released sperm;

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 Spermatogenesis Spermatogenesis is process of sperm cell development. Spermatogenesis  (Germ cell)    I mitosis Spermatogonia (male germ stem cells)    I mitosis Primary spermatocyte (46,XY)    I   1st meiotic division Secondary spermatocyte  23X                23y    I 2nd meiotic division    I form haploid spermatids  23,X      23,Y       23,Y    23,Y (Differentiate into spermatozoa (sperm cell).

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 Layers of ovum Ovum is the mature female gamete. There are  different layers from outside to inside as follows: 1.Corona radiata 2.Zona pellucida 3. Vitelline membrane Ovum (female gametes) is largest cell in the human body.  It is 130microns in diameter, contain 23 chromosome (23X). Ovum is surrounded by cell membrane called vitelline membrane (plasma membrane). During fertilization, egg nucleus is converted into female pronucleus and sperm nucleus converted into male pronucleus. Human eggs do not have centrioles and human sperm don’t have endoplasmic reticulum.

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