Ovulation
Ovulation is process in which mature egg released from ovary.
Repture of mature graafian follicle, secondary oocyte released from ovary.
Onle one secondary oocyte repture in each ovarian cycle which starts at puberty and ends in menopause.
Fertile Window
After released egg move down fallopian tube (ampulla) and stay for 12-24 hrs, where it can be fertilized.
Life span of released egg; 12-24hrs
Chance of getting pregnant is highest when live sperm are present in fallopian tube during ovulation.
Life span of released sperm; 72hrs
After ovulation comes the luteal phase.
Preovulatory (changes in follicle)
Enlargement of graafian follicle due to accumulation of follicular fluid (20mm in diameter).
Cumulus oophorus separates from rest of granulosa cells and floats freely in antrum.
Cumulus oophorus is cluster of cells surround oocyte both in ovarian follicle and after ovulation.
Corona radiata is innermost layer of cells of cumulus oophorus and directly adjacent to zona pellucida.
Inner layer of cells (corona radiata) surrounding the oocyte is arranged radially.
Changes in Oocyte
Haploid number of chromosome (23,X) and,
First polar body (23,X), first polar body can’t go for fertilization.
Causes
Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulate follicle growth, released from anterior pituitary.
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), stimulate to release egg, released from anterior pituitary hormone.
Estrogen hormone released by follicle on ovaries.
FSH level; highest FSH before egg is released from ovary.
FSH stimulated plasminogen activator – plasminogen – plasmin (active form of plasminogen) (proteolytic) help lysis of wall of follicle.
Effect on Ovulation
After ovulation; follicle changes in corpus luteum.
Ovum picked into fallopian tube and undergo either degenration or fertilized.
Anovulation
Anovulation is menstrual cycle without ovulation.
Corpus Luteum
Corpus luteum is temporary organ that play crucial role in fertility during luteual phase.
Corpus luteum produce progesterone prepare uteine layer for support pregnancy.
a. Follicular granulosa cell
b. Follicular theca cell
During pregnancy, these cell maintain progesterone secretion under influence of hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is produced by developing embryo (produced by placenta) when embryo attaches to the wall of the uteru.
hCG pregnancy hormone high can be detected in urine and blood as seven days after ovulation/conception, positive indicates pregnancy.
