Introduction- Cholera Infection Cholera is an infectious diarrheal disease cause’s severe watery diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration and if left untreated death can occur. Cholera is caused by drinking water or eating food that are contaminated with a bacterium called Vibrio cholerae. Cholera is an acute diarrheal infection that caused intestine illness by exposure to Vibrio cholerae bacteria. Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by causative agent bacterium Vibrio cholera that causes acute diarrhoeal illness. Most of infected symptoms of cholera may range mild to severe. Cholera
Category: Communicable Diseases
Poliomyelitis
Poliomyelitis or Polio or Infantile Paralysis Poliomyelitis, also called polio or infantile paralysis. Polio is an acute viral infectious disease caused by the poliovirus (RNA viruses); three types PV-1, PV-2, and PV-3. Mostly polio infection occurs due to type-l poliovirus. Viruses colonize the gastrointestinal tract (GI), specifically in the oropharynx and intestine. Poliovirus is highly contagious and spreads through person to person contact. This viruses lives in an infected person’s throat and intestines. Polio or poliomyelitis Infection mainly affects children under age of 5 years. The word “myletis” means an inflammation in the “spinal cord”, which
Amoebiasis
Introduction – Amoebiasis (Amoebic Dysentery) Dysentery term refers is infectious diarrhea, Inflammation of the intestines characterized by bloody diarrhoea. Dysentery is an intestinal inflammation, primarily affects colon. It can begin to mild or severe stomach cramps and severe diarrhea with mucus or blood in the stool. Without adequate hydration, it can be deadly. Types of Dysentery There are the two major types of dysentery – 1. Amoebic dysentery or or intestinal amoebiasis 2. Bacillary dysentery or or shigellosis Bacillary dysentery Bacillary and amoebic dysentery are both highly infectious. Bacillary dysentery, also called shigellosis, is caused
Bacillary Dysentery
Bacillary Dysentery – Shigella infection Dysentery is most often caused by shigella bacteria (shigellosis) or an amoeba. Dysentery is usually spread through contaminated food or water. Dysentery is an infection of the intestinal tract and is associated with severe diarrhea. Bacillary dysentery is a gastrointestinal illness or gastroenteritis infection caused by Shigella bacteria which can be found in the human gut. This infection may be asymptomatic or present with abdominal pain, diarrhea, or dysentery. A key symptom is bloody diarrhea and also abdominal cramps, abdominal
Diarrhoeal Diseases
Introduction – Diarrhoeal Diseases Diarrhoea is a condition in which loose stools, watery stools occur more frequently than usual. Diarrhoea is a major health problem among children under 5 years of age. Diarrhoea is defined as the passage of frequent three or more loose or liquid stools per; more frequent passage than is normal. Diarrhoea is usually a symptom of an infection in the intestinal tract, which can be caused by bacteria, viral and parasitic organisms. This infection is spread through ingesting contaminated food or drinking-water, or from person to
Acute Respiratory Infection
Introduction – Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) ARI is the most common respiratory infection tract. It found in mostly among young children and elder people. Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is an infection that may interfere with normal breathing and difficult to breathe normally. Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) can affect in upper respiratory track infection (URIs) and lower respiratory tract (LRIs). ARI commonly occurs as a viral infection, in the nose, trachea (windpipe), or lungs. If the infection is not get treated then it can spread to the entire respiratory
Pertussis
Whooping Cough (Pertussis) Pertussis also called whooping cough (kaalee khaansee, kukurakhaansee) . It is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by the Bordetella pertussis bacterium (Gram-negative). Pertussis can cause violent and rapid coughing. This infection known for uncontrollable, violent coughing that often makes hard to breathe. Whooping cough or pertussis is a higly contagious disease, it can be deadly for babies. It spreads from person to person, usually by coughing or sneezing of infected individuals. Pertussis can affect all age groups of people, but can be very
Diphtheria
Introduction – Diphtheria Diphtheria is a acute serious infection caused by bacteria called Corynebacterium diphtheriae, gram-positive bacillus. Diphtheria is acute bacterial infection is an endemic disease. Diphtheria toxin is an exotoxin secreted by Corynebacterium diphtheria that may cause diphtheria. Bacilli multiply locally in throat and produce exotoxin. It is childhood disease, affect children younger than 5 years old. Types of Diphtheria 1. Pharyngotonsillar diphtheria 2. Laryngotracheal diphtheria 3. Nasal diphtheria – affects the mucous membranes of nose 4. Cutaneous diphtheria Epidemiological Triad Agent – The causative organism is cornybacterium diphtheriae
Influenza
Influenza or Flu Influenza is a highly contagious viral infection caused by influenza viruses. Influenza infectious disease attacks the respiratory system: nose, throat, and lungs. Influenza is commonly called the flu. The symptoms Influenza infections range from mild to severe, often include fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle pain, headache, coughing, and fatigue. The symptoms of Influenza typically begin 1 -4 days after exposure to the Influenza virus. Influenza infection occurs most often during the winter season and easily spreads from person to person. Young children under the age of 5
Mumps
Mumps or Parotitis Mumps is a viral infection that primarily affects saliva-producing (salivary; parotid) glands that are located below ears. Mumps also called Parotitis. The hallmark symptom of mumps infection is swelling of the salivary glands. Mumps viral infection affects the salivary glands; this is infection easily preventable by a vaccine. Mumps disease affects the parotid glands; salivary glands located below and in front of the ears. Mumps is a viral infection and contagious disease, causes painful swelling of the salivary glands. The disease spreads through infected saliva of individual. Mumps
