Hydatid Disease – Echinococcosis or Hydatidosis Hydatid disease is also known as hydatidosis or echinococcosis. It occurs due to Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus Multilocularis. Hydatid disease is parasitic disease caused by cysts containing the larval stages of the Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm (Dog Tapeworm). Echinococcosis is a caused by infection with tapeworms of the genus Echinocococcus. Echinococcosis is classified as two main types of the disease are cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis. The two major species of Echinococcus are- Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis. Echinococcus granulosus which
Category: Communicable Diseases
Taeniasis
Taeniasis – Cysticercosis Taeniasis is a parasitic infection in humans caused by the tapeworm (cestodes) species; Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm), Taenia solium (pork tapeworm). Humans become infected with tapeworms by ingesting raw or undercooked of beef (Taenia saginata) or pork (Taenia solium). Taeniasis is an intestinal parasitic infection caused by eating contaminated beef or pork. 1. Taenia Saginata – Beef tapewarm ;Cow 2. Taenia Solium – Pork tapeworm ; Pig 3. Taenia Asiatica – Pork tapeworm ; Pig The source of reservoir for tapeworm Taenia Saginata is cow and
Pneumonia
What is Pneumonia? Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the lungs’ air sacs (alveoli) in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill up with fluid or pus (purulent material), causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing The causative agent of pneumonia including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Epidemiological Triad Agent- The causative agent of Pneumonia is Bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Host – Most serious for infants and young children, people older than age 65 years, and people with health problems or weakened immune systems. Environment – Indoor air pollution,Overcrowding, Second-hand smoking/passive
Q Fever
Q Fever – Query fever Q fever, also known as query fever, is rickettsial disease caused by the bacteria Coxiella burnetii. Q-fever is an acute febrile bacterial infection caused by Coxiella burnetti, it naturally infects some animals, particularly sheep, goats, and cattle. Bacteria Coxiella burnetti are shed in the animal birth products; placenta, amniotic fluid or urine, feces, and milk of infected animals. Epidemiological Triad Agent – The causative agent ofQ-fever is caused by Coxiella burnetti. Host – More risk occupation including- slaughterhouse, animal husbandry and animal research, laboratory workers. C. Burnetti bacteria is excreted
Tick Typhus
Tick Typhus – Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Tick typhus is also known as Rocky Mountain spotted fever or spotted fever or tick fever. Tick typhus an acute febrile disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii transmitted by hard-shelled (ixodid) ticks. This disease initially recognized in the Rocky Mountain States. Epidemiological Triad Agent- The causative agent of Tick typhus is bacteria Rickettsia rickettsii. Host – Affect all age groups, high risk at whom traveling Environment – Rainfall Mode of Transmission Bite of an infected tick, this disease most commonly reported rickettsial infection acquired during travel.
Murine Typhus
Murine Typhus – Flea borne Flea-borne (murine) typhus, is a disease caused by a bacteria Rickettsia typhi. Murine typhus, also known as flea-borne or typhus endemic typhus. Flea-borne typhus transmitted by infected fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis), usually on rats. Epidemic typhus called louse-borne typhus, which is usually transmitted by infected lice. Flea-borne typhus is transmitted to people through contact with infected fleas. Fleas get become infected when they bite infected animals, such as rats, cats, or opossums. Epidemiology Triad Agent – Murine typhus is a rickettsial disease. The the causative agent of murine typhus is rickettisiae typhi.
Scrub Typhus
Scrub Typhus/ Typhus Fever Scrub typhus, also known as bush typhus, is a mite-borne disease caused by bacteria Orientia tsutsugamushi (formerly Rickettsia tsutsugamushi). Scrub typhus infection is spread to people through bites of infected chiggers or larval mites. Scrub typhus is the most common disease among rickettisial disease in man, known as tsutsugamushi diseases. It has been derived from japanese word. Tsutsuga – meaning something small and dangerous; illness Mushi – meaning creature; insect Human get Scrub typhus infection through bites of infected chiggers (larval mites). The symptoms of scrub typhus
gas gangrene
Gas Gangrane Gas gangrene is highly infectious disease caused by bacteria clostridium perfringens. Gas gangrene is a bacterial infection, characterized by necrotizing soft tissue of skeletal muscle and production of foul-smelling gas. This bacteria clostridium perfringens grow only in the absence of oxygen. This bacteria release gas and harmful substances that damage body tissues, blood vessels. Gas gangrane usually occurs at the site of trauma or a recent surgical wound, any injury. The bacterial infection produces toxins that release gas and cause tissue necrosis. Gas
Leprosy
Leprosy/ Hansen’s disease Leprosy is also known as Hansen’s disease. This infection is caused by slow-growing bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae. Armadillos are naturally infected with the bacteria mycobacterium laprae that cause Hansen’s disease in human. It can affect the nerves, skin, eyes, and lining of the nose (nasal mucosa). Mycobacterium leprae primarily affects the skin and peripheral nerves, invades schwann cells. Etiology 1. Contact with Bacillus Mycobacterium leprae natural host armadillos. 2. Infected person with Hansen’s disease coughs or sneezes, and healthy person breathes in
Ascariasis
Ascariasis Ascariasis is a type of roundworm infection. Ascaris is parasitic worm infection causes ascariasis in humans. it is the most common parasitic worm infection in humans, type of roundworm of genus ascaris. These parasitic worm use body as a host to mature from larvae or eggs to adult worms. Ascaris lumbricoides parasite is roundworm causes ascariasis in human. Ascariasis cause in human due to ingesting worm eggs that infects human small intestine and getting nutrients from human’s intestinal tract. Etiology 1. Contaminated hands or
